Cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death: how are pharmacists getting involved?

Integrated Pharmacy Research & Practice
Kevin Mc NamaraJohn Keith Jackson

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally. This article explores the evidence surrounding community pharmacist interventions to reduce cardiovascular events and related mortality and to improve the management of CVD risk factors. We summarize a range of systematic reviews and leading randomized controlled trials and provide critical appraisal. Major observations are that very few trials directly measure clinical outcomes, potentially owing to a range of challenges in this regard. By contrast, there is an extensive, high-quality evidence to suggest that improvements can be achieved for key CVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and elevated hemoglobin A1c. The heterogeneity of interventions tested and considerable variation of the context under which implementation occurred suggest that caution is warranted in the interpretation of meta-analyses. It is highly important to generate evidence for pharmacist interventions in developing countries where a majority of the global CVD burden will be experienced in the near future. A growing capacity for clinical registry trials and data linkage might allow future research to collect clinical outcomes data more often.

Citations

Jan 21, 2020·Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies·Mojgan GharipourNizal Sarrafzadegan
Feb 7, 2020·Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry·Sangeethadevi GovindasamiVadivukkarasi Sasikumar
Jul 24, 2020·Journal of Complementary & Integrative Medicine·Ali AbbasiReza Mohammadpourhodki
Sep 18, 2020·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Yu SongLin Wang
Sep 16, 2020·Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology·Cheng-Long ZhangFei Li
Oct 18, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Peter M MphekgwanaTholene Sodi
Dec 16, 2020·International Journal of Sports Medicine·Gabriel Vasconcelos AbreuMário Mateus Sugizaki
Jan 8, 2021·Circulation Research·Shangang ZhaoPhilipp E Scherer
Jan 8, 2021·Biomaterials·Raquel C GonçalvesJoão F Mano
Dec 8, 2020·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Mohammad Azam AnsariMehboob Hoque
Nov 27, 2020·Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies·Bagher KhoramSeyed S Najafi
Dec 19, 2020·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Hasan Abbas QazmoozMichael Maes
Oct 1, 2020·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development·Osman ShabirSheila E Francis
Jan 21, 2021·Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience·Mengze WuShen Yuong Wong
Jan 11, 2020·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·Anouar HafianeMiguel A Frias
Feb 17, 2021·Npj Regenerative Medicine·Luiza Farache Trajano, Nicola Smart
Jun 17, 2020·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·Magdalena KobielarzAgnieszka Chwiłkowska
Mar 21, 2021·Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine·Jin ChengDongwei Zhang
Mar 26, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Damoon Ashtary-LarkyAlexei Wong
Jan 30, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Binh Yen NguyenXin Wang
Jul 20, 2020·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Haina Zhang, Lu Cai
Oct 24, 2020·Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP·Svenja ZonneveldKevin P Mc Namara
Mar 25, 2021·Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering : MBE·Mantana Chudtong, Andrea De Gaetano
Mar 31, 2021·Postgraduate Medical Journal·Arnav Katira, Ravish Katira
Dec 28, 2019·Vascular Pharmacology·Samuel O OlapojuXoan Le Thi
May 25, 2021·Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine·Dandan SongJunnan Wang
Jun 3, 2021·Nutrients·Fabiola Mabel Del Razo-OlveraCarlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Herman E PopeijusJogchum Plat
Jul 9, 2021·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Sarah Al SharieAyman J Hammoudeh
Jul 27, 2021·Advanced Healthcare Materials·Junnan TangJinying Zhang
Aug 7, 2021·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Saeideh SabbaghzadeganMajid Dadmehr

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiology

Cardiovascular disease involves several different processes that contribute to the pathological mechanism, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension and more. Vasculature stability plays a critical role in the development of the disease. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular disease pathophysiology here.