Cardiovascular Protection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Clinical Trial Results Across Drug Classes

The American Journal of Medicine
Francesco Paneni, Thomas F Lüscher

Abstract

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)-namely myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Despite clear advances in the prevention and treatment of CVD, the impact of T2DM on CVD outcome remains high and continues to escalate. Available evidence indicates that the risk of macrovascular complications increases with the severity of hyperglycemia, thus suggesting that the relation between metabolic disturbances and vascular damage is approximately linear. Although current antidiabetic drugs are highly effective for the management of hyperglycemia, most T2DM patients remain exposed to a substantial and concrete risk of CVD. Over the last decade many glucose-lowering agents have been tested for their safety and efficacy in T2DM with CVD. Noteworthy, most of these studies failed to show a significant benefit in terms of CV morbidity and mortality, despite intensive glycemic control. The recent trials Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients-Removing Excess Glucose (EMPA-REG OUTCOME); Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN-6); Lira...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 2, 2017·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·Eugenio CersosimoNeil Skolnik
Oct 30, 2018·Minerva medica·Francesco De SensiFrancesco Paneni
Oct 4, 2017·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Jaume PadillaBysani Chandrasekar
Mar 12, 2020·Clinical Transplantation·Felicia BartlettAndrew F Malone
Jan 13, 2018·Molecular Medicine Reports·Huiying QiaoRong Lv
Jul 25, 2020·Journal of Medical Internet Research·Victoria Mazoteras-PardoPatricia Palomo-López
Jul 6, 2020·European Heart Journal·Francesco PaneniNazha Hamdani
Aug 21, 2020·BMC Medicine·Hubert KolbStephan Martin

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