Cardiovascular-renal axis disorders in the domestic dog and cat: a veterinary consensus statement

The Journal of Small Animal Practice
J L PouchelonN Van Israël

Abstract

There is a growing understanding of the complexity of interplay between renal and cardiovascular systems in both health and disease. The medical profession has adopted the term "cardiorenal syndrome" (CRS) to describe the pathophysiological relationship between the kidney and heart in disease. CRS has yet to be formally defined and described by the veterinary profession and its existence and importance in dogs and cats warrant investigation. The CRS Consensus Group, comprising nine veterinary cardiologists and seven nephrologists from Europe and North America, sought to achieve consensus around the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of dogs and cats with "cardiovascular-renal disorders" (CvRD). To this end, the Delphi formal methodology for defining/building consensus and defining guidelines was utilised. Following a literature review, 13 candidate statements regarding CvRD in dogs and cats were tested for consensus, using a modified Delphi method. As a new area of interest, well-designed studies, specific to CRS/CvRD, are lacking, particularly in dogs and cats. Hence, while scientific justification of all the recommendations was sought and used when available, recommendations were largely reliant on theory, ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 4, 2015·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·Simon G Dennis
Jul 21, 2016·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice·Jonathan D Foster
Jul 28, 2016·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice·Rosanne E Jepson
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Feb 19, 2021·The Journal of Small Animal Practice·J WilshawA Boswood
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Apr 4, 2021·Veterinary Sciences·Alessandra GavazzaMatteo Cerquetella
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Sep 14, 2021·Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·Sarah OzawaCatherine Gunther-Harrington
Oct 5, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Carlotta ValenteHelen Poser

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