Case Report: Delayed or Recurrent Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Migrants: A Report of Three Cases with a Literature Review

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Nicolas DaubyCharlotte Martin

Abstract

Emerging evidence indicates that migrants from Plasmodium falciparum endemic regions are at risk of delayed presentation of P. falciparum malaria. We report three cases of P. falciparum malaria occurring years after arrival in Europe. All patients were originally from Sub-Saharan Africa. Two subjects had controlled human immunodeficiency virus infection and one was a pregnant woman. We performed a literature review of all published cases of delayed presentation of P. falciparum in migrants and identified 32 additional cases. All cases but one originate from sub-Saharan Africa. There was a median time of 36 months between the last visit to a malaria-endemic country and clinical malaria (range: 3 months to 10 years). Pregnancy was the most frequently reported risk factor (11/35 or 31.4%). Parasitemia was ≤ 0.1% in 38% of cases (11/29 reported), and no death was reported. The underlying possible mechanisms for this delayed presentation in migrants from an endemic area probably include the persistence of submicroscopic parasitemia combined with decaying P. falciparum-specific immunity. Suspicion of P. falciparum delayed malaria should remain high in migrants, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, even without a recent travel history, esp...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 27, 2019·Open Forum Infectious Diseases·Verner OrishAdekunle Sanyaolu
Jul 19, 2019·Malaria Journal·Isabel FradejasAna Pérez-Ayala
Mar 25, 2021·Journal of Travel Medicine·Romain CordaillatGilles Eperon
Nov 24, 2019·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·C HaeseleerC Martin

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