Case studies of the use of biomarkers to assess exposures

Toxicology Letters
L L NeedhamD G Patterson

Abstract

Because many environmental toxicants are ubiquitous, humans are continuously exposed to them. At other times, certain populations may be more highly exposed to these toxicants from point sources. The evaluation of the degree of the exposure to either a population or an individual is frequently based on indirect surrogates of exposure, such as questionnaire data on time-activities and/or concentrations measured in environmental media. We prefer to assess the degree of the exposure to a given toxicant by measuring the concentration of the toxicant, its metabolite(s), or reaction product(s) in human specimens. Then by applying pharmacokinetic information for that toxicant, we can best reconstruct the exposure scenario. These data are then compared to reference range levels of these toxicants in the preferred biologic specimen. The development and uses of the reference range data are exemplified by case studies including potential exposure to dioxin and solvents.

References

Jan 24, 1991·The New England Journal of Medicine·M A FingerhutA J Suruda
Jan 1, 1989·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health·J L PirkleD L Phillips
Sep 1, 1994·Archives of Environmental Health·R L MoolenaarR A Etzel
Apr 1, 1995·Environmental Health Perspectives·L L NeedhamE J Sampson
Jul 1, 1995·Archives of Environmental Health·R H HillJ L Pirkle
Jan 1, 1994·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·R A Etzel, D L Ashley

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Citations

Oct 12, 2002·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Dana B BarrLarry L Needham
Oct 12, 2002·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Dana B Barr, Larry L Needham
May 8, 2008·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Paul L MosquinMiles S Okino
Dec 14, 2004·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews·Guillermo A Blanco, Edwin L Cooper
Jan 6, 2016·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Monica K SilverJohn D Meeker
May 2, 2002·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·J J Amaral Mendes

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