Causal regulations vs. political will: why human zoonotic infections increase despite precautionary bans on animal antibiotics

Environment International
L A Cox, P F Ricci

Abstract

Using precautionary principles when facing incomplete facts and causal conjectures raises the possibility of a Faustian bargain. This paper applies systems dynamics based on previously unavailable data to show how well intended precautionary policies for promoting food safety may backfire unless they are informed by quantitative cause-and-effect models of how animal antibiotics affect animal and human health. We focus on European Union and United States formulations of regulatory precaution and then analyze zoonotic infections in terms of the consequences of relying on political will to justify precautionary bans. We do not attempt a political analysis of these issues; rather, we conduct a regulatory analysis of precautionary legal requirements and use Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to assess a set of policy outcomes. Thirty-seven years ago, the Joint Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (the Swann Report) warned that uncontrolled use of similar antibiotics in humans and food animals could promote the emergence of resistant strains of foodborne bacteria that could endanger human health. Since then, many countries have either banned or restricted antibiotics as feed additives for pr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 7, 2011·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Bonnie M Marshall, Stuart B Levy
Feb 9, 2010·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·Louis Anthony Tony Cox, Douglas A Popken
Jun 30, 2009·Environmental Pollution·Jose Luis Martinez
Nov 1, 2016·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Getahun E AggaTerrance M Arthur
Sep 29, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Sara Hernando-AmadoJosé L Martínez
Jun 3, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Jianyong ZhouJianjun Lu
Aug 9, 2019·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Yousef I HassanMoussa S Diarra

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