PMID: 2506092Sep 1, 1989Paper

Cell calcium and its regulation in smooth muscle

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
A P Somlyo, B Himpens

Abstract

Two novel methods used to study smooth muscles-electron probe X-ray microanalysis and Ca2+-sensitive indicators (which are used for resolving, respectively, the spatial distribution and temporal distribution of calcium)-are briefly reviewed and the major findings obtained are summarized. In smooth muscle the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the major intracellular source of Ca2+; mitochondria do not play a significant role in the physiological regulation of [Ca2+]i. Under pathological conditions mitochondria can reversibly accumulate large amounts of calcium. Resting [Ca2+]i generally ranges from 80 to 200 nM, and is lower in phasic than in tonic smooth muscles. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+ entry blockers can reduce [Ca2+]i, but the effects of beta-adrenergic agents are variable. Increases in [Ca2+]i are triggered by electrical stimulation, depolarization with high K+, and excitatory agonists. Stretch, after a delay of several seconds, can cause an increase in [Ca2+]i in some smooth muscles. There is also a delay of approximately 200-400 ms between the initiation of the rise of Ca2+ and contraction that follows spontaneous action potentials or electrical stimulation. Agonist-induced Ca2+ release, a major mechanism of pharmac...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 1, 1991·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·B HimpensR Casteels
Nov 17, 1994·Nature·A P Somlyo, A V Somlyo
Mar 1, 1993·British Journal of Pharmacology·L Zhang, I L Buxton
Jan 1, 1996·British Journal of Pharmacology·Y T Xuan, P S Glass
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Dec 1, 1990·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·B HimpensR Casteels
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