Cell proliferation and apoptosis in prostate tumors and adjacent non-malignant prostate tissue in patients at different time-points after castration treatment

The Prostate
Nina OhlsonAnders Bergh

Abstract

Androgen ablation is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer but the short-term cellular effects are largely unknown. Sextant prostate biopsies were taken from 77 prostate cancer patients before and 1-10 days after castration treatment. Apoptosis, cell proliferation, and morphology were studied in malignant and non-malignant tissue, using stereological and immunohistochemical methods. Epithelial cell proliferation was significantly decreased both in non-malignant and malignant epithelium already 1 day after therapy. It remained low until day 7, but increased thereafter in the remaining non-malignant epithelial cells and in some tumors. Epithelial cell apoptosis was significantly increased during the first week and then returned to basal levels. The maximal apoptotic indexes, seven- and two-times the intact levels in the non-malignant and malignant glands, respectively, were found at days 3-4 or even earlier in the tumors. Signs of tumor shrinkage such as glandular collapse and decreased tumor cell size were observed from day 3 in most tumors. The present study shows that the magnitude and kinetics of the response to castration in the normal human prostate is very similar to the response previously described in roden...Continue Reading

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis