Cellular analysis of cleavage-stage chick embryos reveals hidden conservation in vertebrate early development

Development
Hiroki NagaiGuojun Sheng

Abstract

Birds and mammals, phylogenetically close amniotes with similar post-gastrula development, exhibit little conservation in their post-fertilization cleavage patterns. Data from the mouse suggest that cellular morphogenesis and molecular signaling at the cleavage stage play important roles in lineage specification at later (blastula and gastrula) stages. Very little is known, however, about cleavage-stage chick embryos, owing to their poor accessibility. This period of chick development takes place before egg-laying and encompasses several fundamental processes of avian embryology, including zygotic gene activation (ZGA) and blastoderm cell-layer increase. We have carried out morphological and cellular analyses of cleavage-stage chick embryos covering the first half of pre-ovipositional development, from Eyal-Giladi and Kochav stage (EGK-) I to EGK-V. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable subcellular details of blastomere cellularization and subgerminal cavity formation. Phosphorylated RNA polymerase II immunostaining showed that ZGA in the chick starts at early EGK-III during the 7th to 8th nuclear division cycle, comparable with the time reported for other yolk-rich vertebrates (e.g. zebrafish and Xenopus). The incre...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 6, 2015·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Ashley E E Bruce
Sep 29, 2015·Stem Cells and Development·Hyung Chul LeeJae Yong Han
Jun 9, 2016·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Federica Bertocchini, Susana M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
Mar 22, 2014·PloS One·Ana de Melo Bernardo, Susana M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
Jul 5, 2017·Zygote : the Biology of Gametes and Early Embryos·Ekaterina KondakovaVladimir Efremov
Dec 8, 2017·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Young Sun HwangJae Yong Han
Dec 5, 2018·Development·Zhonghui FeiAshley E E Bruce
Nov 16, 2019·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Deivendran RengarajJae Yong Han

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
scanning electron microscopy
light microscopy
transgenic

Software Mentioned

Fiji
GeoRose

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