Cellulose Microfibril Formation by Surface-Tethered Cellulose Synthase Enzymes

ACS Nano
Snehasish BasuJeffrey M Catchmark

Abstract

Cellulose microfibrils are pseudocrystalline arrays of cellulose chains that are synthesized by cellulose synthases. The enzymes are organized into large membrane-embedded complexes in which each enzyme likely synthesizes and secretes a β-(1→4) glucan. The relationship between the organization of the enzymes in these complexes and cellulose crystallization has not been explored. To better understand this relationship, we used atomic force microscopy to visualize cellulose microfibril formation from nickel-film-immobilized bacterial cellulose synthase enzymes (BcsA-Bs), which in standard solution only form amorphous cellulose from monomeric BcsA-B complexes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques show that surface-tethered BcsA-Bs synthesize highly crystalline cellulose II in the presence of UDP-Glc, the allosteric activator cyclic-di-GMP, as well as magnesium. The cellulose II cross section/diameter and the crystal size and crystallinity depend on the surface density of tethered enzymes as well as the overall concentration of substrates. Our results provide the correlation between cellulose microfibril formation and the spatial organization of cellulose synthases.

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Citations

Jan 18, 2018·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Lisa A AndersonKristala L J Prather
Dec 14, 2017·Nature Communications·Petya Violinova KrastevaJean-Marc Ghigo
Dec 7, 2017·Biotechnology Letters·Dan LiuWei Feng
Feb 23, 2017·Carbohydrate Polymers·Snehasish BasuJeffrey M Catchmark
Mar 5, 2019·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Hirotaka TajimaYoshiaki Yuguchi
Sep 23, 2021·Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology·Guohui LiQufu Wei
Oct 12, 2021·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Wiem AbidiPetya Violinova Krasteva

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