PMID: 6967344Aug 18, 1980Paper

Central and peripheral controls of swimming in anuran larvae

Brain Research
D J Stehouwer, P B Farel

Abstract

The isolated nervous system of the bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana or clamitans) spontaneously exhibits patterned motoneuronal discharges which are the basis for swimming. In vitro recordings from the ventral roots showed that motoneurons on one side of the cord burst in alternation with those on the other side. On each side of the cord, motoneuron bursts occurred in synchrony the entire length of the cord. Patterned activity was found only in the medial motoneurons which innervate the muscles used for swimming. Lateral motoneurons innervating the limbs exhibited unpatterned bursting. The pattern generating mechanism is distributed along the length of the spinal cord. Proprioceptive information entering via the dorsal roots is not necessary for generation of the basic pattern of alternating activity, but interacts with the centrally generated pattern to produce a rostrocaudal lag of activity. These results are compared to those found using the dogfish and possible ontogenetic complications discussed.

References

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Citations

Jan 1, 1984·Anatomy and Embryology·P van Mier, H J ten Donkelaar
Jun 1, 1983·Brain Research·P B Farel, D L McIlwain
Feb 28, 2002·The European Journal of Neuroscience·B BallionD Viala
Nov 5, 2016·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Sara Hänzi, Hans Straka
Nov 22, 1991·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·K T SillarA J Simmers
Apr 29, 1993·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·C E Harper, A Roberts
Mar 6, 2002·Journal of Neurophysiology·Robert R Buss, Pierre Drapeau
May 1, 1984·Developmental Psychobiology·D J Stehouwer, P B Farel
May 1, 1988·Developmental Psychobiology·D J Stehouwer
Dec 1, 1986·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·P B Farel, S E Bemelmans
Jul 8, 1987·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·P B Farel
Aug 20, 1982·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·C J Forehand, P B Farel
Mar 8, 1988·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·K Nishikawa, R Wassersug

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