Cerebral metabolism and vascular reactivity during breath-hold and hypoxic challenge in freedivers and healthy controls

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
Mark B Vestergaard, Henrik Bw Larsson

Abstract

The goal of the present study was to examine the cerebral metabolism and vascular reactivity during extended breath-holds (ranging from 2 min 32 s to 7 min 0 s) and during a hypoxic challenge in freedivers and non-diver controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the cerebral lactate, glutamate+glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and phosphocreatine+creatine concentrations in the occipital lobe. Fifteen freedivers and seventeen non-diver controls participated. The freedivers showed remarkable increases in CBF (107%) during the breath-holds, compensating for arterial desaturation, and sustained cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO2). CMRO2 was unaffected throughout the breath-holds. During the hypoxic challenge, the freedivers had larger increases in blood flow in the sagittal sinus than the non-divers, and could sustain normal CDO2. No differences were found in lactate production, global CBF or CMRO2. We conclude that the mechanism for sustaining brain function during breath-holding in freedivers involves an extraordinary increase in perfusion, and that freedivers present evidence for higher cerebrov...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 8, 2018·Experimental Physiology·Anthony R BainPhilip N Ainslie
Sep 12, 2018·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Oriol PuigOtto M Henriksen
Sep 11, 2019·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Anders HougaardMessoud Ashina
Dec 13, 2018·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Mark B VestergaardHenrik Bw Larsson
Sep 22, 2018·AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology·V C KeilE Hattingen
Feb 23, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Fabian Steinberg, Michael Doppelmayr
Jun 17, 2020·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Gabriella Mk RossettiPaul G Mullins
Feb 5, 2021·Frontiers in Physiology·Joana PintoPatrícia Figueiredo
Apr 2, 2021·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Antonis EliaMatthew J Lees

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Software Mentioned

Veris Monitor
LCModel
FAST
FSL BET
Matlab scripts
Freedivers
FMRIB
Matlab

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