Cerebral Venous Thrombosis as Rare Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
José LeiteVictor Duque

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus 1 is a prevalent neurotropic pathogen that infects and establishes latency in peripheral sensory neurons. It can migrate into the central nervous system and cause encephalitis. The association between herpes simplex virus encephalitis and cerebral venous thrombosis is rare, with a very limited number of case reports described in the literature, despite the recognized thrombogenic effects of the virus. A 44-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with generalized tonic-clonic seizures requiring sedation and ventilation to control it. Initial brain computed tomography revealed cortical and subcortical edema on the left frontal lobe, and a subsequent contrast-enhanced exam showed absence of venous flow over the anterior half of the superior sagittal sinus. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction was positive for herpes simplex virus type 1, and the patient was started on acyclovir and anticoagulation, with clinical improvement. Acyclovir administration was maintained for 14 days and oral anticoagulation for one year, with no recurrence of thrombotic events or other complications. A well-timed treatment has a validated prognostic impact on herpes simplex encephalitis, making early recognition...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 11, 2021·BMJ Case Reports·Anupa JohnKavitha Saravu
Sep 23, 2021·BMJ Case Reports·Kevin GreenVandana Kavita Seeram
Apr 8, 2021·Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials·Nicola IelapiRaffaele Serra
Nov 23, 2021·Hospital Practice·Bharat NarasimhanWilbert S Aronow

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
sedation
X-ray
PCR

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