Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD
Yusuke SeinoMikio Shoji

Abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ)42 and tau are biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the effects of other neurodegenerative processes on these biomarkers remain unclear. We measured Aβ40, Aβ42, total tau, phosphorylated-tau, and α-synuclein in CSF and plasma using matched samples from various neurodegenerative diseases to expand our basic knowledge on these biomarkers and their practical applications. A total of 213 CSF and 183 plasma samples were analyzed from cognitively unimpaired subjects, and patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), non-AD dementias, and other neurological diseases. The CSF/plasma ratios of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were approximately 25:1. Aβ40/42 ratios in CSF and plasma were both 10:1. The CSF total tau/P181tau ratio was 6:1. The CSF/plasma α-synuclein ratio was 1:65. Significantly decreased Aβ42 levels and an increased Aβ40/42 ratio in CSF in ADD/MCI suggested that these relationships were specifically altered in AD. Increased total tau levels in ADD/MCI, encephalopathy, and multiple system atrophy, and increased P181tau in ADD/MCI indicated that these biomarkers corresponded to neurodegeneration and tauopathy, respectively. Although CSF α-synuclein lev...Continue Reading

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