Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels in type 1 narcolepsy patients very close to onset

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Birgitte R KornumEmmanuel Mignot

Abstract

Type 1 narcolepsy is caused by a loss of hypocretin (orexin) signaling in the brain. Genetic data suggests the disorder is caused by an autoimmune attack on hypocretin producing neurons in hypothalamus. This hypothesis has however not yet been confirmed by consistent findings of autoreactive antibodies or T-cells in patient samples. One explanation for these negative results may be that the autoimmune process is no longer active when patients present to the clinic. With increasing awareness in recent years, more and more patients have been diagnosed closer and closer to disease onset. In this study, we tested whether an active immune process in the brain could be detected in these patients, as reflected by increased cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using multiplex analysis, we measured the levels of 51 cytokines and chemokines in the CSF of 40 type 1 narcolepsy patients having varying disease duration. For comparison, we used samples from 9 healthy controls and 9 patients with other central hypersomnia. Cytokine levels did not differ significantly between controls and patients, even in 5 patients with disease onset less than a month prior to CSF sampling.

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Citations

Jan 2, 2016·Progress in Neurobiology·Sarah Wurts BlackThomas S Kilduff
Jan 25, 2016·Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·Claudio LiguoriAndrea Romigi
Jun 23, 2015·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Matilda Degn, Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
Mar 30, 2016·Current Opinion in Neurology·Xuan-Hung NguyenRoland S Liblau
Jun 19, 2016·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·Susumu TanakaHisao Yamada
Sep 14, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Raphaël Bernard-ValnetRoland S Liblau
Apr 2, 2017·Sleep·Melanie RambergerAndreas Lutterotti
Oct 11, 2017·Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine·Melodie BonvaletEmmanuel Mignot
Nov 9, 2016·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Felix J HartmannBurkhard Becher
Jul 19, 2019·Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova·A V MedvedevaM G Poluektov
Feb 10, 2017·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·Birgitte R KornumSebastiaan Overeem
Aug 28, 2020·Journal of Neurology·Tommaso SchirinziClaudio Liguori

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