CEST, ASL, and magnetization transfer contrast: How similar pulse sequences detect different phenomena

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Linda KnutssonPeter C M van Zijl

Abstract

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) methods generate different contrasts for MRI. However, they share many similarities in terms of pulse sequences and mechanistic principles. They all use RF pulse preparation schemes to label the longitudinal magnetization of certain proton pools and follow the delivery and transfer of this magnetic label to a water proton pool in a tissue region of interest, where it accumulates and can be detected using any imaging sequence. Due to the versatility of MRI, differences in spectral, spatial or motional selectivity of these schemes can be exploited to achieve pool specificity, such as for arterial water protons in ASL, protons on solute molecules in CEST, and protons on semi-solid cell structures in MTC. Timing of these sequences can be used to optimize for the rate of a particular delivery and/or exchange transfer process, for instance, between different tissue compartments (ASL) or between tissue molecules (CEST/MTC). In this review, magnetic labeling strategies for ASL and the corresponding CEST and MTC pulse sequences are compared, including continuous labeling, single-pulse labeling, and multi-pulse labeling. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 13, 2019·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Moss Y ZhaoMichael A Chappell
Sep 11, 2019·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Peter van Gelderen, Jeff H Duyn
Mar 29, 2019·Current Opinion in Psychiatry·Shiral S GangadinRené C W Mandl
Nov 13, 2020·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Soo Hyun ShinMoriel H Vandsburger
Mar 18, 2021·Radiology·Peter C M van Zijl
Jul 24, 2021·Current Opinion in Chemical Biology·Peter C M van ZijlLinda Knutsson
Dec 28, 2021·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Anna M LiJiadi Xu

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