Challenges of heterotopic ossification-Molecular background and current treatment strategies

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
Paweł ŁęgoszPaweł Małdyk

Abstract

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is an abnormal formation of mature lamellar bone within extraskeletal soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. This process is thought to be induced by inflammation associated with tissue injuries. HO is classified using two subtypes: resulting from injury or genetically inherited. HO formation is associated with polytrauma patients with traumatic brain injuries and spinal cord injuries. Moreover, HO is also considered to be a post-operative risk factor in some orthopaedic procedures. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the pathology of different types of HO and discuss its current and future therapies. Thus far, research has revealed cellular and molecular pathways leading to HO formation and proposed several possible mechanisms leading to HO and conserved signalling pathways common in the different HO subtypes. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment and localized low-dose irradiation are currently the only available prophylactic treatments for HO. However, they are not always effective and do not target the osteogenic processes directly. New therapeutic strategies targeting the pathological processes of HO, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhib...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 4, 2020·Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology·Jie ZhangZhongmin Zhang
Jun 1, 2021·Curēus·Margarita-Michaela AmpadiotakiMaria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
Jun 22, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Yuwei YangHongwei Ouyang
Jul 1, 2021·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Bing TuCunyi Fan

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