Changes in endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular disease morbidity markers in GH-IGF axis pathology

American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs : Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions
Michael R GrahamJulien S Baker

Abstract

Arterial endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and predisposes individuals to the deposition of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. It can also lead to increased arterial stiffness, which is an accepted cause of increased arterial pulse wave velocity (APWV). Endothelial dysfunction is reversed by recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD), favorably influencing the risk for atherogenesis. Endogenous human growth hormone (hGH), secreted by the anterior pituitary, and levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), produced in response to hGH stimulation of the liver, peak during early adulthood, but decline throughout adulthood. It is suspected that low-grade inflammatory cardiovascular pathophysiologic markers such as homocysteine, nitric oxide, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor along with changes in lipid and glucose metabolism may all contribute to GHD-associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications. These effects are associated with increased APWV, but are attenuated by rhGH therapy in GHD. GH replacement increases IGF-I levels and reduces CRP and large-artery stiffness. Reviews...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 17, 2012·Growth Hormone & IGF Research : Official Journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society·Masanori OhtaHiroshi Yamato
Jan 19, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Diego CaicedoJesús Devesa
Feb 9, 2012·Cardiology in Review·Christopher R PalmeiroIrene A Weiss
Jun 6, 2020·Cells·Sher Bahadur PoudelShoshana Yakar
Jul 21, 2021·Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology·Mariarosaria De LucaUgo Oliviero

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