Changes in retinal function and morphology are early clinical signs of disease in cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy

PloS One
M Heather West GreenleeJustin J Greenlee

Abstract

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to a group of fatal, transmissible protein misfolding diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). All TSEs are caused by accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrPSc) throughout the central nervous system (CNS), which results in neuronal loss and ultimately death. Like other protein misfolding diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, TSEs are generally not diagnosed until the onset of disease after the appearance of unequivocal clinical signs. As such, identification of the earliest clinical signs of disease may facilitate diagnosis. The retina is the most accessible part of the central nervous system, and retinal pathology in TSE affected animals has been previously reported. Here we describe antemortem changes in retinal function and morphology that are detectable in BSE inoculated animals several months (up to 11 months) prior to the appearance of any other signs of clinical disease. We also demonstrate that differences in the severity of these clinical signs reflect the amount of PrPSc accumulation in the retina and the resulting inflammatory response of the tissue. These results are the earliest reported clinical signs associate...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 7, 2018·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Soyoun HwangJustin J Greenlee
May 21, 2015·ILAR Journal·Justin J Greenlee, M Heather West Greenlee
Dec 14, 2019·Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease·Timothy E YapM Francesca Cordeiro
Nov 27, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Najiba MammadovaJustin J Greenlee
Jun 27, 2020·Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·Norah S LincoffOsman Farooq

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
electrophoresis
dissection

Software Mentioned

Prism

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