PMID: 16526308Mar 11, 2006Paper

Characteristics of categorical data analysis

Acta Medica Croatica : C̆asopis Hravatske Akademije Medicinskih Znanosti
Marta Zuvić-Butorac

Abstract

This work presents characteristics of categorical data, their presentation and possible models of statistical analysis. There are two types of categorical data; nominal, where categories are equally valued (i.e. we can measure them only in terms of whether individual items belong to some distinctively different categories) and ordinal, where categories allow to rank order on some scale of measurement. Categorical data are non-numeric by nature, but could be numerically presented and analyzed anyway. Although the information value of categorical data is well below the respective information value of numerical, practically there's no study where their analysis wouldn't be of importance. Numerically, the categorical data can be presented via frequencies (absolute number of items belonging to the category) or their proportion (percentage) in the sample. Adequate graphical presentation goes with pie charts or percentage stacked bars charts. The statistical analysis of categorical data most often is done on contingency tables. The type of the analysis depends on the relation between samples from which the data are drowning. If the samples are independent, the analysis would be performed using difference of proportion test, chi2 test ...Continue Reading

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