PMID: 7544517Sep 1, 1995Paper

Characteristics of prostate cancer found with early detection regimens

Urology
C B Brendler

Abstract

This article reviews the clinical and pathologic characteristics of nonpalpable (Stage T1c) prostate cancer reported in five studies published to date. Stage T1c tumors more closely resemble palpable prostate cancers (Stage T2) than they do incidental prostate cancers detected in cystoprostatectomy specimens. The mean tumor volume of Stage T1c tumors is about 50 times greater (2.0 mL vs 0.04 mL) than incidental cystoprostate cancers. Only about 20-25% of T1c tumors have a tumor volume < 0.5 mL; tumors > 0.5 mL are considered to have significant biologic potential. Futhermore, 30-50% of T1c tumors have penetrated the prostatic capsule, 20-30% demonstrate positive surgical margins, and 5-10% demonstrate seminal vesicle invasion and/or positive pelvic lymph nodes. Possible reasons for nonpalpability of T1c tumors include tumor location in the central and/or anterior zones of the prostate and increased gland volume due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, making T1c tumors more difficult to palpate. A combination of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density < 0.1 and favorable needle biopsy pathology (no Gleason 4 or 5 pattern in any core, < 3 cores positive for cancer, and < 50% involvement of any single core) will identify about ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 10, 2001·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·R M HoffmanA L Potosky
Apr 29, 1998·The Journal of Urology·G D SteinbergC B Brendler
Apr 1, 1997·British Journal of Urology·W M Garraway, F E Alexander
Apr 15, 1999·Seminars in Cancer Biology·U H StenmanP Finne
May 1, 1997·The Medical Clinics of North America·R M FreidG H Weiss

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