Characterization of cellular uptake of perfluorooctanoate via organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2, organic anion transporter 4, and urate transporter 1 for their potential roles in mediating human renal reabsorption of perfluorocarboxylates

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
Ching-Hui YangXing Han

Abstract

It has been hypothesized that human renal apical membrane transporters play a key role in human renal reabsorption of perfluorooctanoate (PFO), which contributes to the long half-life of PFO in humans. In the present study, PFO uptake kinetics of human organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1A2, organic anion transporter (OAT) 4, and urate transporter 1 (URAT1) in stably transfected cell lines was investigated. OAT4 and URAT1, but not OATP1A2, were shown to mediate saturable PFO cellular uptake. OAT4-mediated PFO uptake was stimulated by a low extracellular pH, which was evidenced as a lower Michaelis constant (K(m)) at pH 6 (172.3 ± 45.9μM) than that at pH 7.4 (310.3 ± 30.2μM). URAT1-mediated PFO uptake was greatly enhanced by an outward Cl(-) gradient, and its K(m) value was determined to be 64.1 ± 30.5μM in the absence of extracellular Cl(-). The inhibition of OATP1A2- or OAT4-mediated estrone-3-sulfate uptake or URAT1-mediated urate uptake has been compared for linear perfluorocarboxylates (PFCs) with carbon chain lengths from 4 to 12. A clear chain length-dependent inhibition was observed, suggesting that PFCs in general are substrates of OAT4 and URAT1 but with different levels of affinities to the transporters dep...Continue Reading

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