Characterization of Individual Isopropylated and tert-Butylated Triarylphosphate (ITP and TBPP) Isomers in Several Commercial Flame Retardant Mixtures and House Dust Standard Reference Material SRM 2585

Environmental Science & Technology
Allison L PhillipsHeather M Stapleton

Abstract

Since the phase-out of pentaBDE in the early 2000s, replacement flame-retardant mixtures including Firemaster 550 (FM 550), Firemaster 600 (FM 600), and organophosphate aryl ester technical mixtures have been increasingly used to treat polyurethane foam in residential upholstered furniture. These mixtures contain isomers of isopropylated and tert-butylated triarylphosphate esters (ITPs and TBPPs), which have similar or greater neuro- and developmental toxicity compared to BDE 47 in high-throughput assays. Additionally, human exposure to ITPs and TBPPs has been demonstrated to be widespread in several recent studies; however, the relative composition of these mixtures has remained largely uncharacterized. Using available authentic standards, the present study quantified the contribution of individual ITP and TBPP isomers in four commercial flame retardant mixtures: FM 550, FM 600, an ITP mixture, and a TBPP mixture. Findings suggest similarities between FM 550 and the ITP mixture, with 2-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (2IPPDPP), 2,4-diisopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (24DIPPDPP), and bis(2-isopropylphenyl) phenyl phosphate (B2IPPPP) being the most prevalent ITP isomers in both mixtures. FM 600 differed from FM 550 in that ...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 28, 2019·International Journal of Toxicology·Michael G WadeAlison C Holloway
Apr 4, 2020·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Kylie D RockHeather B Patisaul
Jul 4, 2019·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Allison L Phillips, Heather M Stapleton
Jul 10, 2018·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Lilah GlazerEdward D Levin
Sep 26, 2020·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Han Yan, Barbara F Hales
Dec 29, 2020·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Han Yan, Barbara F Hales
Sep 10, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Tamer ShoeibLiisa Jantunen
Aug 11, 2020·Environment International·Stephanie C HammelKate Hoffman
Nov 16, 2019·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·Sagi Enicole A GilleraHeather B Patisaul
Jan 31, 2020·Environment International·Aalekhya ReddamDavid C Volz
Mar 27, 2021·Environment International·Kathryn M RodgersRobin E Dodson
Jun 5, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology Letters·Arlene BlumMarta Venier
Jan 27, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Fang TaoCynthia A de Wit
Mar 5, 2020·Chemical Research in Toxicology·Allison L PhillipsHeather M Stapleton
Jan 27, 2022·Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Jianan HuangGuanyong Su

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