PMID: 7536007Apr 1, 1995Paper

Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human preprogalanin gene

DNA and Cell Biology
B KoflerH Herzog

Abstract

Expression of the human galanin gene was analysed using a 3.5-kb DNA fragment comprising the 5'-flanking sequence of the gene. This sequence contains a TATA box (ATATATA) preceded by numerous potential binding sites for transcription factors such as SP1, AP2, and NF kappa B. Three half-palindromic estrogen response elements (EREs, GGTCA) are also found at positions -1,162, -361, and -122 bp relative to the transcription start site. To localize functionally important portions of the promoter region, several shorter fragments of the galanin 5'-flanking region were placed upstream from the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. In transient transfection assays, all constructs demonstrated substantial transcriptional activity in both rat glioma/mouse neuroblastoma hybrid cells (NG108-15) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Comparison of the basal expression levels of the different constructs suggests the presence of a negative modulator between positions -1,891 and -207. When cotransfected into NG108-15 cells with the human estrogen receptor cDNA, estrogen did not induce transcription of the human galanin gene at physiological levels of estrogen receptor, although transcription was induced up to 30-fold in the...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 14, 2002·Molecular Reproduction and Development·Michele CorzettRod Balhorn
Mar 19, 2004·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Suraj UnniappanRichard E Peter
Oct 21, 2000·Progress in Neurobiology·L M Garcia-SeguraL L DonCarlos
Mar 20, 2010·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Paul G UnschuldElisabeth B Binder
Oct 12, 2004·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases·Kristina A MatkowskyjRichard V Benya
Jul 19, 2008·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Kamila VagnerovaPatricia D Hurn
Jul 13, 2014·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Rute S T MartinsAdelino V M Canário
Jul 30, 2015·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Krista FreimannÜlo Langel
Nov 23, 2010·Neuropeptides·Roland Lang, Barbara Kofler
Nov 5, 1997·Endocrinology·G HowardJ F Hyde
Oct 29, 1998·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·M D DriscollR A Bambara
Sep 14, 1999·The American Journal of Physiology·G Hecht
Jan 9, 2001·Journal of Neurochemistry·V ZachariouM R Picciotto
Dec 13, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Swapnali BardeTomas G M Hökfelt
Feb 26, 2020·Current Drug Targets·Caroline Maria Oliveira VolpeJosé Augusto Nogueira-Machado
May 26, 1998·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·K JiangA Rökaeus

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