Characterization of the Site-Specific Acid-Base Equilibria of 3-Nitrotyrosine

Chemistry & Biodiversity
Tamás PállaGergő Tóth

Abstract

The complete macro- and microequilibrium analyses of 3-nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of oxidative stress damage, are presented for the first time. The protonation macroconstants were determined by 1 H-NMR-pH titration, while microconstants were elucidated by a combination of deductive and NMR methods, in which properties of the methyl ester derivative as an auxiliary compound were also studied. Combination of the NMR-pH characterization of the title and auxiliary compounds and the pair-interactivity parameters of 3-iodotyrosine provided the sufficient system to evaluate all the microconstants. NMR-pH profiles, macroscopic and microscopic protonation schemes, and species-specific distribution diagrams are included. The phenolate basicity of 3-nitrotyrosine is 500 times below that of tyrosine, and it is even lower than that of 3-iodotyrosine. This phenomenon can be explained by the stronger electron withdrawing and the negative mesomeric effect of the nitro group. Based on our results, 89 % of the phenolic OH groups are deprotonated in 3-NT molecules at the pH of the blood plasma.

References

Apr 28, 2006·Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society·Vincenzo De FilippisAngelo Fontana
Dec 21, 2010·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·Gábor Orgován, Béla Noszál
Jun 8, 2011·Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry·Mircea Dumitru CroitoruBéla Tokés
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Jun 22, 2016·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Carlos BatthyányRafael Radi
Nov 21, 2017·Redox Biology·Silvina Bartesaghi, Rafael Radi

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