Chemical and toxicological evaluation of pyrotechnically disseminated terephthalic acid smoke

Drug and Chemical Toxicology
W T MuseS A Thomson

Abstract

The terephthalic acid (TPA) smoke obscurants (M-83 grenade and M-8 smoke pot) were developed by the U.S. Army for training purposes to replace the more toxic hexachloroethane (HC) smoke. Inhalation toxicity testing and chemical characterization of pyrotechnically generated TPA was conducted to assess the health hazard potential of TPA and its combustion products. Fisher 344 rats were subjected to acute and repeated exposures to TPA smoke generated from the M-83 grenade. Acute exposure levels ranged from 150-1,900 mg/m3 for 30 minutes and repeated dose exposures ranged from 128-1,965 mg/m3 for 30 min/day for 5 days. Exposed and control rats were evaluated for toxic signs, and histopathologic changes. During exposure, the rats exhibited slight to moderate lacrimation, rhinorrhea, lethargy and dyspnea, which reversed within 1-hr post-exposure. No deaths occurred, even at the highest smoke concentrations. Histopathological changes were confined to exposure related nasal necrosis and inflammation in both the acute and repeated dose exposures at levels above 900 mg/m3. Chemical characterization of the M-83 grenade and the M-8 smoke pot showed that formaldehyde, benzene and carbon monoxide were the major organic vapor by-products form...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1979·American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal·M H WeeksC R Pope
Jan 1, 1988·Archives of Toxicology·T C MarrsN L Cross

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Citations

Feb 12, 2008·Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry·Wolfhardt FreinbichlerLaura Della Corte
Jul 1, 2005·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Guidong DaiXinru Wang
Jun 11, 2020·Angewandte Chemie·Teresa KüblböckThomas M Klapötke

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