PMID: 8608162Mar 29, 1996Paper

Chemical biology of protein isoprenylation/methylation

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
R R Rando

Abstract

Isoprenylation/methylation is an important dual hydrophobic post-translational modification which occurs at or near a carboxyl terminal cysteine residue. All known G proteins are modified in this way, making the pathway of central interest for an understanding of signal transduction. In this review, aspects of the molecular enzymology of isoprenylation/methylation are reviewed. The functional significance of these modifications is discussed, with special reference to the signal transducing G proteins. Of further interest is the possible regulatory role of methylation, since this step is the only reversible one in the pathway. The biochemical and functional consequences of isoprenylation/methylation are of especial interest. Isoprenylation/methylation is generally assumed to enhance the abilities of modified proteins to associate with membranes. This can be due either to hydrophobic lipid-lipid or lipid-protein interactions. Available evidence, taken largely from studies on visual signal transduction and ras signalling pathways, strongly points to enhanced membrane binding being a consequence of hydrophobic lipid-lipid interactions. An exciting possibility that also emerges is concerned with whether isoprenylation may also have ...Continue Reading

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