Chemical composition, nutrient-balancing and biological treatment of hand washing greywater

Water Research
Christopher ZiembaEberhard Morgenroth

Abstract

On-site biological hand washing water treatment can improve global access to safe hand washing water, but requires a thorough understanding of the chemical composition of the water to be treated, and an effective treatment strategy. This study first presents a detailed characterization of the individual inputs to hand washing water. We demonstrate (i) that soap is likely the most significant input in hand washing water, representing ∼90% of mass loading, and (ii) that inputs to hand washing water have low concentrations of biologically-essential macro- and micro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, molybdenum and cobalt) with respect to carbon, which may impair biological carbon removal. This study next formulates a recipe that recreates a representative composition of hand washing water and develops a procedure to identify and supplement nutrients in which this recipe is estimated to be deficient. Batch testing of the nutrient-supplemented hand washing water with an inoculum of planktonic bacteria demonstrated improved assimilable organic carbon removal (99% vs. 86% removal) and produced lower final dissolved organic carbon concentrations (1.7 mgC/L vs. 3.5 mgC/L) compared to realistic (nutrient-deficient)...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 1, 2020·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Sara ArabiValetta Saldanha
Nov 11, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Catherine SutherlandRebecca C Sindall
Dec 21, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Kah Chun HoAbdul Wahab Mohammad
Jun 10, 2021·Environmental Health Insights·Praveen RosarioLena Trotochaud
Dec 6, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Bing Wu
Mar 10, 2020·Journal of Environmental Management·Irshad N Shaikh, M Mansoor Ahammed

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