Chemical sequential extraction of heavy metals and sulphur in bottom ash and in fly ash from a pulp and paper mill complex

Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA
H NurmesniemiJaakko Rämö

Abstract

A five-stage sequential extraction procedure was used to determine the distribution of 11 metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, As, Co, V, Ni, Ba), and sulphur (S) in bottom ash and in fly ash from a fluidized bed co-combustion (i.e. wood and peat) boiler of Stora Enso Oyj Oulu Mill at Oulu, Northern Finland, into the following fractions: (1) water-soluble fraction (H2O); (2) exchangeable fraction (CH3COOH); (3) easily reduced fraction (NH2OH-HCl); (4) oxidizable fraction (H2O2 + CH3COONH4); and (5) residual fraction (HF + HNO3 + HCl). Although metals were extractable in all fractions, the highest concentrations of most of the metals occurred in the residual fraction. From the environmental point of view, this fraction is the non-mobile fraction and is potentially the least harmful. The Ca concentrations of 29.3 g kg(-1) (dry weight) in bottom ash and of 68.5 g kg(-1) (dry weight) in fly ash were correspondingly approximately 18 and 43 times higher than the average value of 1.6 g kg(-1) (dry weight) in arable land in Central Finland. The ashes were strongly alkaline pH (approximately 12) and had a liming effects of 9.3% (bottom ash) and 13% (fly ash) expressed as Ca equivalents (dry weight). The elevated Ca concentrations indicate th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 15, 2015·Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB·Farhat NabeelaAzizullah Azizullah
Apr 1, 2014·Journal of Environmental Management·Jinmei LuChristina Wanhainen
May 28, 2009·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Matti KuokkanenVeli Pohjonen
Dec 4, 2019·Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA·Kunsen LinJingyong Liu
Jan 21, 2015·Journal of Environmental Quality·Bernard GagnonAntoine Karam
May 15, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Roger HambergLena Alakangas
Jan 8, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Zhi LiJianli Li

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