Chemical speciation of selected toxic metals and multivariate statistical techniques used to assess water quality of tropical Mexican Lake Chapala.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Jorge Omar Murillo-DelgadoSergio Gomez-Salazar

Abstract

Mexican Lake Chapala is used as water supply for human consumption. Consequently, water quality of this lake is of paramount importance for the lake's wellbeing. The contribution presented in this paper investigates monitoring and assessment of lake water quality using water quality index (WQI), metal chemical speciation, and multivariate statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics shows total metal concentrations undetected conferring the lake a healthy status. Dissolved Cd and Pb exceed criterion continuous concentration limit, whereas Zn is below this limit indicating that water quality is satisfactory for aquatic life. However, WQI indicates poor water quality attributed to failure of conductivity, total solids, nitrogen, and phosphates, due to industrial and agro-industrial effluents. Metal speciations indicate that the presence of low concentrations of dissolved metals reflect interactions with gills of fish through metal-biotic ligand complexes affecting water quality. Positive correlations are obtained between conductivity and nitrates, indicating that agricultural activities and fertilizer runoffs increase the conductivity and that the environmental state of lake is being altered by human activities. Factors F1 (31%...Continue Reading

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