Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main inducers and regulators of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against viruses and tumors. One checkpoint to avoid misguided CTL activation, which might damage healthy cells of the body, is the necessity for multiple activation signals, involving both antigenic as well as additional signals that reflect the presence of pathogens. DCs provide both signals when activated by ligands of pattern recognition receptors and "licensed" by helper lymphocytes. Recently, it has been established that such T cell licensing can be facilitated by CD4⁺ T helper cells ("classical licensing") or by natural killer T cells ("alternative licensing"). Licensing regulates the DC/CTL cross-talk at multiple layers. Direct recruitment of CTLs through chemokines released by licensed DCs has recently emerged as a common theme and has a crucial impact on the efficiency of CTL responses. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of DC licensing for cross-priming and implications for the temporal and spatial regulation underlying this process. Future vaccination strategies will benefit from a deeper insight into the mechanisms that govern CTL activation.
Citations
Dec 18, 2013·Acta Biomaterialia·Tarik A Khan, Sai T Reddy
Mar 19, 2016·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·C E BunseB Eiz-Vesper
Nov 23, 2016·European Journal of Immunology·Mélissa MathieuNathalie Labrecque
May 28, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sheng-Kai HsuI-Ling Lin
Jul 17, 2019·Microbiology and Immunology·Rajanya BanerjeeSurajit Das
Sep 20, 2019·Immunological Investigations·M MerleH M Schmetzer
Sep 19, 2017·Oncoimmunology·Annkristin HeineBastian Höchst
Mar 31, 2019·Nature Communications·Dimitra KerdidaniMaria Tsoumakidou
Jan 9, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Szilvia BakBritta Eiz-Vesper
Jun 9, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Eleanor Y LimMark R Wills
Jun 4, 2020·Vaccines·Gloria SierraK Jagannadha Sastry
Oct 6, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Wei-Jia LuJian-Fang Gui
Dec 19, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Tanveer AhmadSyed Mansoor Ali
Jan 29, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Yaoyao ShiCara Haymaker
Dec 19, 2020·Scientific Reports·Adil S Al-OgailiYoung Min Kwon
Apr 11, 2021·Immunobiology·M MerleH M Schmetzer
Aug 10, 2021·Gut Microbes·Weichun XieLijie Tang
Aug 25, 2021·Cancer Immunology Research·Kevin J PaavolaJer-Yuan Hsu