Childhood personality predicts long-term trajectories of shyness and aggressiveness in the context of demographic transitions in emerging adulthood

Journal of Personality
Jaap J A DennissenMarcel A G van Aken

Abstract

In a 19-year longitudinal study, childhood personality characteristics (assessed by teachers at ages 4 to 6) were significantly related to both initial levels and changes in parental judgments of shyness and aggressiveness. Long-term stability was demonstrated by the fact that overcontrollers had consistently higher scores in shyness and undercontrollers in aggressiveness. However, undercontrollers' shyness and overcontrollers' aggressiveness changed over time from a low to a high level. Also, both types assumed adult social roles, such as leaving the parental home, establishing a first romantic relationship, and getting a part-time job, at a later time than the resilient participants. A mediation analysis indicated that under- and overcontrollers' increasing aggressiveness between age 17 and 23 was due to their longer latency of getting a part-time job. Together, results demonstrate the importance of considering person-environment transactions in explaining both change and stability in personality between childhood and adulthood.

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Citations

Feb 22, 2012·Journal of Personality Assessment·Sergi BallespíM Dolors Riba
Oct 15, 2008·Annual Review of Psychology·Kenneth H RubinJulie C Bowker
Jan 11, 2014·Annual Review of Psychology·Marc H Bornstein
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Jan 26, 2017·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·Alva TangLouis A Schmidt
Nov 20, 2016·Journal of Personality·Nejra Van ZalkPeter Jason Rentfrow
Jun 7, 2017·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Kevin DurkinGina Conti-Ramsden
Mar 30, 2019·Development and Psychopathology·Kristie L PooleLouis A Schmidt
Sep 11, 2014·Journal of Personality·Michela MilioniGian Vittorio Caprara
Dec 7, 2013·Clinical Nurse Specialist CNS·Kathleen M HannaKaren K Schmidt
Jun 30, 2019·Journal of Youth and Adolescence·Stefanos MastrotheodorosSusan Branje
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Nov 30, 2018·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology·Stefania A BarzevaAlbertine J Oldehinkel
Jul 13, 2021·Developmental Science·Bruce S RawlingsRachel L Kendal

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