Children are not like other loads: a cross-cultural perspective on the influence of burdens and companionship on human walking

PeerJ
Leah Bouterse, Cara M Wall-Scheffler

Abstract

A major portion of humans' activity-based energy expenditure is taken up by locomotion, particularly walking. Walking behaviors have energetic outcomes and as such can be important windows into how populations and groups adjust to different environmental and task constraints. While sex differences in the speed of paired walkers have been established by others, the dynamics of how walkers adjust their speed in more varied groups and in groups containing children remains unexplored. Furthermore, little ecological data exists to illustrate the relationships between walking speed and child-carrying. Here, we aim to determine how culture impacts the effects of group composition and infant-carrying on walking speed. Because the determinants of group dynamics and parental investment are partially cultural, we examine walking behavior in the Northwestern United States and in Central Uganda. Using an observational method, we recorded the speed, load carriage, and group composition of pedestrians in a single naturalistic urban environment within each country. Our data suggest that children are treated fundamentally differently than other loads or the presence of walking partners, and that major speed adjustments are child-dependent. Our ...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1992·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology·C Panter-Brick
Apr 1, 1986·International Journal of Sports Medicine·P E di Prampero
Jan 1, 1974·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology·M Y ZarrughH J Ralston
Oct 1, 1983·The Journal of Physiology·G A CavagnaT Fuchimoto
Jun 1, 1995·The Journal of Social Psychology·M S RemlandH Brinkman
Feb 1, 1997·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·W R Leonard, M L Robertson
Sep 18, 1998·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·P A Kramer
Feb 24, 2001·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·D DeJaegerN C Heglund
Apr 26, 2001·Journal of Theoretical Biology·J E Bertram, A Ruina
Jan 1, 1958·Internationale Zeitschrift für angewandte Physiologie, einschliesslich Arbeitsphysiologie·H J RALSTON
Jan 1, 1963·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·H GERSHONA SCALA
Apr 20, 2004·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·P A Wight, A Dobretsova
May 26, 2004·Applied Ergonomics·Daijiro AbeShigemitsu Niihata
Jan 15, 2005·European Journal of Applied Physiology·G J BastienN C Heglund
Mar 16, 2005·The Journal of Experimental Biology·John E A Bertram
Dec 21, 2006·PLoS Medicine·Hannah Kuper, Clare Gilbert
May 10, 2007·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Herman Pontzer
Aug 10, 2007·Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation·Ari Z Zivotofsky, Jeffrey M Hausdorff
Nov 21, 2007·Journal of Human Evolution·J C WatsonW I Sellers
Jan 1, 2008·Gender & Society : Official Publication of Sociologists for Women in Society·Robert Wyrod
Nov 11, 2011·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Ross H MillerGraham E Caldwell
May 25, 2012·Nature·Robert D BellBerislav V Zlokovic
Mar 8, 2013·Journal of Human Evolution·Cara M Wall-Scheffler, Marcella J Myers
Nov 7, 2013·PloS One·Janelle Wagnild, Cara M Wall-Scheffler
Mar 5, 2015·PloS One·Cara M Wall-SchefflerEmily Wagler
Sep 15, 2015·Current Biology : CB·Jessica C SelingerJ Maxwell Donelan
Mar 16, 2017·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Cara M Wall-Scheffler, Marcella J Myers
Jul 4, 2017·PloS One·Ryan S Alcantara, Cara M Wall-Scheffler

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

SPSS

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Industrial Health
A Samanta, B B Chatterjee
Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews
Cathy E LloydTrevor J Orchard
Journal of Transcultural Nursing : Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society
J G Lipson
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved