Chitin particles are multifaceted immune adjuvants.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Carla A Da SilvaJack A Elias

Abstract

Chitin is a ubiquitous polysaccharide in fungi, insects, allergens, and parasites that is released at sites of infection. Its role in the generation of tissue inflammation, however, is not fully understood. We hypothesized that chitin is an important adjuvant for adaptive immunity. Mice were injected with a solution of ovalbumin and chitin. We used in vivo and ex vivo/in vitro approaches to characterize the ability of chitin fragments to foster adaptive immune responses against ovalbumin and compared these responses to those induced by aluminum hydroxide (alum). In vivo, ovalbumin challenge caused an eosinophil-rich pulmonary inflammatory response, Th2 cytokine elaboration, IgE induction, and mucus metaplasia in mice that had been sensitized with ovalbumin plus chitin or ovalbumin plus alum. Toll-like receptor-2, MyD88, and IL-17A played critical roles in the chitin-induced responses, and MyD88 and IL-17A played critical roles in the alum-induced responses. In vitro, CD4(+) T cells from mice sensitized with ovalbumin plus chitin were incubated with ovalbumin-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. In these experiments, CD4(+) T-cell proliferation, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-17A production were appreciated. Toll-like rec...Continue Reading

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