Chitosan/alginate microparticles for the oral delivery of fowl typhoid vaccine: Innate and acquired immunity

Vaccine
Ebele OnuigboA A Attama

Abstract

Oral fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine is necessary for improved flock vaccinations and economic growth. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immune responses of birds given oral fowl typhoid vaccine coated with chitosan/alginate microparticles and comparing it with the conventional subcutaneous route of administration. Preliminary studies were done to evaluate the particle size, encapsulation efficiency and agglutination. Sixty day-old chicks were divided into three groups of twenty birds each. This comprised a negative control group NEG 451 (non-vaccinated and non-challenged used as control for cytokine quantification), SC 634 (live 9R vaccine by the injection route) and OCV 567 (live 9R vaccine coated with chitosan/alginate microparticles). Vaccination was done at 10 weeks and 14 weeks of age followed by challenge at 16 weeks of age. IgG was measured using ELISA. mRNA fold expression of IFN-γ in spleen was calculated using qRT-PCR. Particle sizes ranged between 0.55 µm and 10 µm. Encapsulation efficiency was above 60%. ELISA showed E-values of 0.10 ± 0.14, 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.02 ± 0.01 for OCV 567, SC 634 and NEG 451 respectively after primary vaccination. Also E-values were 0.25 ± 0.16, 0.19 ± 0.04 and 0.0008 ± 0.005 for SC 634,...Continue Reading

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