Chloride Homeostasis in Neurons With Special Emphasis on the Olivocerebellar System: Differential Roles for Transporters and Channels

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Negah RahmatiChris I De Zeeuw

Abstract

The intraneuronal ionic composition is an important determinant of brain functioning. There is growing evidence that aberrant homeostasis of the intracellular concentration of Cl- ([Cl-]i) evokes, in addition to that of Na+ and Ca2+, robust impairments of neuronal excitability and neurotransmission and thereby neurological conditions. More specifically, understanding the mechanisms underlying regulation of [Cl-]i is crucial for deciphering the variability in GABAergic and glycinergic signaling of neurons, in both health and disease. The homeostatic level of [Cl-]i is determined by various regulatory mechanisms, including those mediated by plasma membrane Cl- channels and transporters. This review focuses on the latest advances in identification, regulation and characterization of Cl- channels and transporters that modulate neuronal excitability and cell volume. By putting special emphasis on neurons of the olivocerebellar system, we establish that Cl- channels and transporters play an indispensable role in determining their [Cl-]i and thereby their function in sensorimotor coordination.

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Citations

Sep 19, 2018·Scientific Reports·Tobias SchmidtPeter Blaesse
Nov 7, 2019·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Benjamin P LüscherShmuel Muallem
Feb 6, 2020·Frontiers in Neurology·Ru LiuXiaofeng Yang
Dec 6, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Anna K KosterJ Du Bois
Feb 5, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sergey A MenzikovAslan A Kubatiev

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
electron microscopy

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