PMID: 11918011Mar 29, 2002Paper

Chlorination of phenols: kinetics and formation of chloroform

Environmental Science & Technology
Herve Gallard, Gunten Urs von

Abstract

The kinetics of chlorination of several phenolic compounds and the corresponding formation of chloroform were investigated at room temperature. For the chlorination of phenolic compounds, second-order kinetics was observed, first-order in chlorine, and first-order in the phenolic compound. The rate constants of the reactions of HOCl with phenol and phenolate anion and the rate constant of the acid-catalyzed reaction were determined in the pH range 1-11. The second-order rate constants for the reaction HOCl + phenol varied between 0.02 and 0.52 M(-1) s(-1), for the reaction HOCl and phenolate between 8.46 x 10(1) and 2.71 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). The rate constant for the acid-catalyzed reaction varied between 0.37 M(-2) s(-1) to 6.4 x 10(3) M(-2) s(-1). Hammett-type correlations were obtained for the reaction of HOCl with phenolate (log(k) = 4.15-3.00 x sigma sigma) and the acid-catalyzed reaction of HOCl with phenol (log(k) = 2.37-4.26 x sigma sigma). The formation of chloroform could be interpreted with a second-order model, first-order in chlorine, and first-order in chloroform precursors. The corresponding rate constants varied between k > 100 M(-1) s(-1) for resorcinol to 0.026 M(-1) s(-1) for p-nitrophenol at pH 8.0. It was f...Continue Reading

References

Jan 5, 2002·Water Research·Hervé Gallard, Gunten Urs von
Apr 1, 1994·Environmental Science & Technology·N Y TretyakovaV S Petrosyan
Oct 1, 1983·Environmental Science & Technology·R F ChristmanA A Stevens
Feb 1, 1983·Environmental Science & Technology·B G Oliver
Apr 1, 1983·Environmental Science & Technology·D Mackay, A T Yeun

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 27, 2015·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Gurpreet Singh DhillonRao Y Surampalli
Oct 2, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Wan Nor Adira Wan Khalit, Kheng Soo Tay
Apr 12, 2018·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Erik H HoffmannHartmut Herrmann
Apr 22, 2004·Environmental Toxicology·Absar AlumMorteza Abbaszadegan
Jun 22, 2010·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering·Ana M Nunez-GaytanRosario Covarrubias-Herrera
Aug 15, 2014·Free Radical Research·M P Curtis, J W Neidigh
Aug 2, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Ning DingFei Qi
Jun 30, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jiaqi LiXiang Liu
Mar 3, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Fengxia DengFang Ma
Mar 16, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Patricia Ortiz-BermúdezKenneth E Hammel
Dec 9, 2010·The Journal of Toxicological Sciences·Taro Sekizawa, Sukeo Onodera
Sep 27, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Chuan RongKefu Yu
Dec 18, 2008·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·Masanori TerasakiNorihisa Tatarazako
Jan 26, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Jong Kwon ChoeWilliam A Mitch
Oct 11, 2020·Water Research·Juan LiUrs von Gunten
Feb 19, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Pamela AbdallahMarie Deborde
Oct 8, 2009·Environmental Science & Technology·Hervé GallardJean Philippe Croué
Jul 29, 2008·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. a·Hyunwoong ParkMichael R Hoffmann
Dec 22, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·Amisha D ShahChing-Hua Huang
Dec 17, 2009·Environmental Science & Technology·Nicolas CimetiereJoseph De Laat
Jul 2, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jingyi ChangZongli Huo

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.