Chocolate and risk of chronic disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

European Journal of Nutrition
Jakub MorzeLukas Schwingshackl

Abstract

Evidence for the association between chocolate intake and risk of chronic diseases is inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize and evaluate the credibility of evidence on the dose-response association between chocolate consumption with risk of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes (T2D), colorectal cancer (CRC), and hypertension. Prospective studies were searched until July 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects meta-analyses comparing highest versus lowest intake categories, linear, and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted. The credibility of evidence was evaluated with the NutriGrade scoring-system. Overall, 27 investigations were identified (n = 2 for all-cause mortality, n = 9 for CHD, n = 8 for stroke, n = 6 for HF, n = 6 for T2D, n = 2 for hypertension and CRC, respectively). No associations with HF (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94, 1.04) and T2D (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88, 1.01) per each 10 g/day increase in chocolate intake were observed in the linear dose-response meta-analyses. However, a small inverse association for each 10 g/daily increase could be shown for the risk of CHD (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), and stroke (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 1, 2020·Nutrients·Magdalena NowaczewskaHenryk Kaźmierczak
Feb 18, 2021·Endocrinología, Diabetes Y Nutrición·Vicente Pascual FusterPablo Pérez-Martínez
Feb 23, 2021·Clínica e investigación en arteriosclerosis : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis·V Pascual FusterP Pérez-Martínez
Jul 17, 2021·Endocrinología, Diabetes Y Nutrición·Vicente Pascual FusterPablo Pérez-Martínez
Jul 7, 2021·Cardiovascular Research·Gabriele RiccardiOlga Vaccaro
May 18, 2021·Revista Clínica Espanõla·V Pascual FusterP Pérez-Martínez

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Software Mentioned

Google Scholar
Stata
NutriGrade
Embase
Review Manager
Ovid

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