Cholesterol metabolism-physiological regulation and pathophysiological deregulation by the endoplasmic reticulum

Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift
Clemens Röhrl, Herbert Stangl

Abstract

Cholesterol is an essential lipid for mammalian cells and its homeostasis is tightly regulated. Disturbance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. A central role in the sensing and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis is attributed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This organelle harbours inactive transcription factors, which sense ER cholesterol levels and initiate transcriptional responses after activation and translocation into the nucleus. Thereupon, these responses enable adaption to high or low cellular cholesterol levels. Besides the abovementioned canonical functions, ER stress-induced by metabolic burden-and the resulting unfolded protein response influence cholesterol metabolism relevant to metabolic disorders. This review summarizes basic as well as recent knowledge on the role of the ER in terms of regulation of cholesterol metabolism.

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Citations

Jun 20, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Lingyue HuaNianlong Yan
May 11, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Zhiqiang HeNianlong Yan
Aug 6, 2020·Biomedicines·Vasily N SukhorukovAlexander N Orekhov
Apr 16, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·André R A MarquesOtília V Vieira
Aug 3, 2021·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Dan LiShixue Cheng

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
electron microscopy
protein folding

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