Chromatic Pupillometry Methods for Assessing Photoreceptor Health in Retinal and Optic Nerve Diseases

Frontiers in Neurology
Annadata V RukminiJoshua J Gooley

Abstract

The pupillary light reflex is mediated by melanopsin-containing intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which also receive input from rods and cones. Melanopsin-dependent pupillary light responses are short-wavelength sensitive, have a higher threshold of activation, and are much slower to activate and de-activate compared with rod/cone-mediated responses. Given that rod/cone photoreceptors and melanopsin differ in their response properties, light stimuli can be designed to stimulate preferentially each of the different photoreceptor types, providing a read-out of their function. This has given rise to chromatic pupillometry methods that aim to assess the health of outer retinal photoreceptors and ipRGCs by measuring pupillary responses to blue or red light stimuli. Here, we review different types of chromatic pupillometry protocols that have been tested in patients with retinal or optic nerve disease, including approaches that use short-duration light exposures or continuous exposure to light. Across different protocols, patients with outer retinal disease (e.g., retinitis pigmentosa or Leber congenital amaurosis) show reduced or absent pupillary responses to dim blue-light stimuli used to assess rod func...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 22, 2019·Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology·Ying ShenYaru Sun
Apr 30, 2019·Frontiers in Neurology·Pratik S ChouguleDan Milea
Jul 6, 2020·Scientific Reports·Babak ZandiTran Quoc Khanh
Jan 14, 2021·Scientific Reports·Babak Zandi, Tran Quoc Khanh
Feb 6, 2021·Current Eye Research·Megha P Bindiganavale, Heather E Moss
Jul 16, 2021·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Samir UpretyPrakash Adhikari
Aug 13, 2021·Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·Masaaki Ishikawa

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