Chromatolysis: Do injured axons regenerate poorly when ribonucleases attack rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and RNA?

Developmental Neurobiology
Lawrence David Falcon Moon

Abstract

After axonal injury, chromatolysis (fragmentation of Nissl substance) can occur in the soma. Electron microscopy shows that chromatolysis involves fission of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In CNS neurons (which do not regenerate axons back to their original targets) or in motor neurons or dorsal root ganglion neurons denied axon regeneration (e.g., by transection and ligation), chromatolysis is often accompanied by degranulation (loss of ribosomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum), disaggregation of polyribosomes and degradation of monoribosomes into dust-like particles. Ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum may also be degraded in autophagic vacuoles by ribophagy and reticulophagy, respectively. In other words, chromatolysis is disruption of parts of the protein synthesis infrastructure. Whereas some neurons may show transient or no chromatolysis, severely injured neurons can remain chromatolytic and never again synthesize normal levels of protein; some may atrophy or die. Ribonuclease(s) might cause the following features of chromatolysis: fragmentation and degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, disaggregation of polyribosomes and degradation of monoribosomes. For example, ribonucleases in the EndoU/PP11 family c...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 23, 2018·Developmental Neurobiology·James W Fawcett, Joost Verhaagen
Aug 8, 2019·Neurochemical Research·James W Fawcett
Nov 4, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Amanda K EngstromDavid J Katz
Dec 24, 2019·The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery·Shih-Yuan FangChen-Fuh Lam
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Magdalena Gąssowska-DobrowolskaAgata Adamczyk

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
RNAS

Software Mentioned

NET NEURON

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