Chromium (VI)-induced cytotoxicity to osteoblast-derived cells

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
J Ning, M H Grant

Abstract

Chromium is well recognized as a carcinogen, and there are concerns about local and systemic cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity during the use of chromium-containing alloys for orthopaedic implants. We have investigated the cytotoxicity of Cr VI in immortalized rat osteoblast cells in vitro using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as an index of toxicity. Cr VI caused a concentration-dependent decrease in ALP activity, thought to be mediated by intracellular reduction to Cr III. The role of several antioxidant vitamins, reduced glutathione (GSH) and DT-diaphorase in the reduction of Cr VI was investigated. The toxic response to Cr VI was partially prevented by treating the cells with ascorbic acid. In contrast, riboflavin and alpha-tocopherol did not alter the response. Ascorbic acid is thought to reduce Cr VI to Cr III extracellularly. This protects the cells because they are relatively impermeable to Cr III. Treatment of cells with dicoumarol, an inhibitor of DT-diaphorase activity, also decreased the toxicity of Cr VI, suggesting that this enzyme is involved in the intracellular reduction of the metal. GSH was not depleted during the metabolism of Cr VI and this was probably due to the activity of glutathione reductase which ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 30, 2004·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Mekala Gunaratnam, Mary Helen Grant
Jul 25, 2000·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·J Ning, M H Grant
Nov 23, 2006·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a·Wen-Hsi WangChun-Pin Lin
Feb 24, 2009·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a·Vijay Krishna RaghunathanElizabeth M Ellis
Apr 20, 2001·Chemico-biological Interactions·M Gunaratnam, M H Grant
May 2, 2015·Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·Karan M ShahAlison Gartland
Feb 29, 2008·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a·Vijay Krishna RaghunathanM Helen Grant
Jul 27, 2006·Human & Experimental Toxicology·S SankaramanivelN Srinivasan

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