Chromosomal markers in the genus Karenia: Towards an understanding of the evolution of the chromosomes, life cycle patterns and phylogenetic relationships in dinoflagellates

Scientific Reports
Angeles CuadradoRosa I Figueroa

Abstract

Dinoflagellates are a group of protists whose genome is unique among eukaryotes in terms of base composition, chromosomal structure and gene expression. Even after decades of research, the structure and behavior of their amazing chromosomes-which without nucleosomes exist in a liquid crystalline state-are still poorly understood. We used flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyze the genome size of three species of the toxic dinoflagellate genus Karenia as well the organization and behavior of the chromosomes in different cell-cycle stages. FISH was also used to study the distribution patterns of ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA), telomeric and microsatellites repeats in order to develop chromosomal markers. The results revealed several novel and important features regarding dinoflagellate chromosomes during mitosis, including their telocentric behavior and radial arrangement along the nuclear envelope. Additionally, using the (AG)10 probe we identified an unusual chromosome in K. selliformis and especially in K. mikimotoi that is characterized by AG repeats along its entire length. This feature was employed to easily differentiate morphologically indistinguishable life-cycle stages. The evolutionary relatio...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 6, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jihen ElleuchSlim Abdelkafi
Jul 3, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Marcello MezzasalmaFabio Maria Guarino
Sep 24, 2021·Scientific Reports·R I FigueroaA M S Correa

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GM94GAB

Methods Mentioned

BETA
light microscopy
transmission electron microscopy
dissection
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

FCS Express
Adobe Photoshop

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