Chromosome breaks generated by low doses of ionizing radiation in G2-phase are processed exclusively by gene conversion.

DNA Repair
Aashish SoniGeorge Iliakis

Abstract

Four repair pathways process DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Among these pathways the homologous recombination repair (HRR) subpathway of gene conversion (GC) affords error-free processing, but functions only in S- and G2-phases of the cell cycle. Classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) operates throughout the cell cycle, but causes small deletions and translocations. Similar deficiencies in exaggerated form, combined with reduced efficiency, are associated with alternative end-joining (alt-EJ). Finally, single-strand annealing (SSA) causes large deletions and possibly translocations. Thus, processing of a DSB by any pathway, except GC, poses significant risks to the genome, making the mechanisms navigating pathway-engagement critical to genome stability. Logically, the cell ought to attempt engagement of the pathway ensuring preservation of the genome, while accommodating necessities generated by the types of DSBs induced. Thereby, inception of DNA end-resection will be key determinant for GC, SSA and alt-EJ engagement. We reported that during G2-phase, where all pathways are active, GC engages in the processing of almost 50 % of DSBs, at low DSB-loads in the genome, and that this contribution rapidly drops to nearly ze...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 20, 2020·Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis·Kylie FackrellJunya Tomida
Oct 22, 2020·Cancers·Walter Tinganelli, Marco Durante
Jul 17, 2021·Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis·Tamara Murmann-KondaGeorge Iliakis

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