Chronic congestive heart failure. Eight steps in management

Postgraduate Medicine
R L Frye

Abstract

Management of chronic heart failure should include clinical evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and to search for treatable causes, bed rest to reduce work of the heart, digitalis therapy to improve myocardial contractility and/or rate control with atrial fibrillation, and restriction of sodium intake and administration of diuretics to reduce congestion. Vasodilators may be helpful, and anticoagulation is recommended to prevent thromboembolism. In highly selected patients with refractory heart failure, cardiac transplantation may be considered.

References

Jan 13, 1979·British Medical Journal·S W JamiesonN E Shumway
Dec 21, 1978·The New England Journal of Medicine·J R BenottiA A Alousi
Jul 31, 1980·The New England Journal of Medicine·K T WeberA P Fishman
Oct 9, 1980·The New England Journal of Medicine·R A GoldsteinR Roberts

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Citations

May 1, 1984·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·L W Klein, B J Visocan

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