Chronic HIV Infection Is Associated with Upregulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine and Alpha Defensin Gene Expression in Colorectal Mucosa

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Jennifer Mait-KaufmanRebecca Pellett Madan

Abstract

HIV may induce gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immune dysregulation similar to inflammation observed in ulcerative colitis (UC). Colorectal biopsies from healthy controls (N=12) and from participants with HIV (N=20) or UC (N=9) were subjected to real time (RT)-PCR for selected cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, Toll-like receptors, and inflammatory signaling and epithelial barrier proteins. HIV long terminal repeat relative copy number (RCN) in HIV participant biopsies was quantified by RT-PCR. Mean interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA levels did not differ significantly between HIV and UC participants (p=0.48) but were significantly higher relative to control mRNA levels only for HIV participants (p=0.03). Mean IL-8 and human defensin (HD) 5 mRNA levels were similar between HIV and UC participants (p=1.0 and p=0.35, respectively) and were significantly greater in both groups relative to controls (p<0.05 for all). Human beta-defensin (HBD)-2 mRNA levels were higher in UC relative to HIV and control participants (p<0.01 for both). Conversely, HBD-1 mRNA levels were downregulated in UC vs. HIV participants (p=0.01). Mediator gene expression did not differ significantly between HIV participants with detectable (N=10) or nondetectable...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 19, 2009·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Bruce StroberMelodie Young
Sep 30, 2015·Biomarker Insights·Bethany M BironJoanne L Lomas-Neira
Jun 26, 2018·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Rhonda M BrandIan McGowan
Apr 12, 2019·PLoS Pathogens·Tiffany Hensley-McBainNichole R Klatt
Jun 23, 2016·AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses·Lori E FantryManhattan E Charurat
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Jun 17, 2020·Journal of Immunology Research·Hager MohamedFred C Krebs
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Dec 23, 2020·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Cheríe S BlairJesse L Clark
Dec 12, 2018·Molecular Pharmaceutics·Fohona S CoulibalyBi-Botti C Youan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
flow
biopsies
PCR
light microscopy
flow cytometry
lavage

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism

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