Chronic kidney disease progression in kidney transplant recipients: A focus on traditional risk factors

Nephrology
Moisés CarminattiHelady Sanders-Pinheiro

Abstract

Kidney transplant recipients are a subset of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that remain at high risk for progression to dialysis and mortality. Recent advances in immunosuppression have only partially improved long-term graft and patient survival. Discovery of new immunosuppressive regimens is a slow and resource-intensive process. Hence, recognition and management of modifiable allogeneic and non-allogeneic risk factors for progression to CKD among kidney transplant recipients is of major interest for improving long-term outcomes. Graft survival is mainly determined by the quality of the allograft and by the patient's alloimmune response, which is influenced by human leukocyte antigen matching and the presence of donor-specific antibodies. Alloimmune responses manifest as acute and chronic forms of cell- and antibody-mediated rejection, which can be worsened by patient non-adherence or under-immunosuppression. However, donor and patient ages, glomerular disease recurrence, time on dialysis, pre-existing cardiovascular burden, medication side-effects and traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, proteinuria, anaemia, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and bone mineral disorder, which can ultimately lead to severe endothe...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 28, 2019·Transplantation·Anita S Chong
May 28, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Rossana FranzinGiuseppe Castellano
May 18, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Rossana FranzinGiuseppe Castellano
Dec 24, 2021·Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation·Juan Carlos de la Fuente-ManceraMarta Farrero

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