Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Immunobiology and Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches

BioDrugs : Clinical Immunotherapeutics, Biopharmaceuticals and Gene Therapy
Émilie Cayssials, François Guilhot

Abstract

Imatinib has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with survival rates now approaching those of the age-matched healthy population. To be able to discontinue tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, it is necessary to develop complementary therapies to target minimal residual disease. Recent findings by a number of investigators in both CML mouse models and CML patients offer evidence that many factors in the leukemic microenvironment can collectively contribute to immune escape, including expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand interactions resulting in T-cell impairment, expression of soluble suppressive factors such as soluble CD25, and down-regulation of MHC molecules by CML cells. Other investigators have studied the role of cytokines on the resistance to TKIs by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and have highlighted the implication of the JAK/STAT pathway as well as the interleukin 1 (IL-1) signaling pathway. Distinct immunologic strategies have been considered to harness the immune system or trigger LSC death to allow more CML patients to discontinue TKI treatment (so-called functional cure). Successful immunotherapy and TKI combination...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Mar 12, 2019·Expert Review of Hematology·Onyee ChanJavier Pinilla-Ibarz
Sep 12, 2019·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Sara Rodríguez-MoraMayte Coiras
Mar 9, 2021·World Journal of Clinical Oncology·Mariana Miranda SampaioFabrício Freire de Melo
Aug 28, 2021·Journal of Personalized Medicine·Paulina Kwaśnik, Krzysztof Giannopoulos

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT00732186
NCT02842320
NCT01657604
NCT01725204

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