Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Medical Management

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
Jordan HeathJoshua L Kennedy

Abstract

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disorder that carries significant morbidity. The diagnosis requires sinus symptoms that persist despite standard medical therapy greater than 3 months. Viral infections, allergies, and anatomic differences in children lead to chronic obstruction of the osteomeatal complex. Chronic rhinosinusitis as a diagnosis is a conglomeration of multiple phenotypes and endotypes. As such, the diagnosis and management are complex. New survey studies provide some consensus on prevalence and management of this disease in children. In this review, we highlight the differential diagnosis of pediatric CRS, including non-eosinophilic/infectious variants, eosinophilic variants with and without nasal polyps, allergic fungal sinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, primary immunodeficiency, and disorders of mucociliary clearance. Further, we detail treatment options that should be considered. Finally, we feature emerging potential treatment options of CRS, including anti-immunoglobulin E, interleukin-5, and interleukin-4 receptor alpha subunit.

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Citations

Jul 11, 2020·The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology·Aneesh PatelJessica R Levi
Jun 9, 2020·Current Allergy and Asthma Reports·Kornkiat SnidvongsOrapan Poachanukoon
Mar 3, 2019·Medical Sciences : Open Access Journal·Ryan Belcher, Frank Virgin
Nov 26, 2020·International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology·Richard R OrlandiBing Zhou
Sep 22, 2021·Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery·Masanobu SuzukiAlkis James Psaltis

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