Chronic Stress Decreases Cerebrovascular Responses During Rat Hindlimb Electrical Stimulation

Frontiers in Neuroscience
Sohee LeeMinah Suh

Abstract

Repeated stress is one of the major risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, and vascular dementia. However, the functional alterations in the cerebral hemodynamic response induced by chronic stress have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the in vivo cerebral hemodynamic changes and accompanying cellular and molecular changes in chronically stressed rats. After 3 weeks of restraint stress, the elicitation of stress was verified by behavioral despair in the forced swimming test and by physical indicators of stress. The evoked changes in the cerebral blood volume and pial artery responses following hindpaw electrical stimulation were measured using optical intrinsic signal imaging. We observed that, compared to the control group, animals under chronic restraint stress exhibited a decreased hemodynamic response, with a smaller pial arterial dilation in the somatosensory cortex during hindpaw electrical stimulation. The effect of chronic restraint stress on vasomodulator enzymes, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), was assessed in the somatosensory cortex. Chronic restraint stress downregulated nNOS and HO-2 compared to the control group. In addition, we examined th...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA
electrophoresis
microsensor

Software Mentioned

WEKA
Matlab
Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis ( WEKA )
Fiji
ImageJ

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